Injuria pulmonar autoinducida por el paciente / Patient self-inflicted lung injury

La Injuria Pulmonar Autoinducida por el Paciente (p-SILI) es una entidad recientemente reconocida. Clásicamente, el daño producido por la ventilación mecánica (VM) se asoció al uso de presión positiva, y para disminuirlo se crearon distintas estrategias conocidas como parámetros de protección pulmonar. Sin embargo, es importante reconocer los potenciales efectos deletéreos de la ventilación espontánea dependientes de la injuria pulmonar previa que sufra el paciente y del esfuerzo que realice. En este artículo se explican los distintos mecanismos que pueden producir p-SILI y las estrategias descritas en la literatura para prevenirla (AU)

Patient self-inflicted lung injury (p-SILI) is a recently recognized disorder. Classically, damage produced by mechanical ventilation (MV) was associated with the use of positive pressure, and different strategies known as lung protection parameters were created to reduce it. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize the potential deleterious effects of the effort made during spontaneous breathing due to previous lung injury suffered by the patient. This article explains the different mechanisms that may produce p-SILI and the prevention strategies described in the literature. (AU)

Research progress on macrophage in radiation induced lung injury / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), including acute radiation pneumonitis and chronic radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), is a side effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer and esophageal cancer. Pulmonary macrophages, as a kind of natural immune cells maintaining lung homeostasis, play a key role in the whole pathological process of RILI. In the early stage of RILI, classically activated M1 macrophages secrete proinflammatory cytokines to induce inflammation and produce massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) through ROS-induced cascade to further impair lung tissue. In the later stage of RILI, alternatively activated M2 macrophages secrete profibrotic cytokines to promote the development of RIPF. The roles of macrophage in the pathogenesis of RILI and the related potential clinical applications are summarized in this review.

Variação da razão entre fluxo sanguíneo e rotações da bomba centrífuga como ferramenta para monitorar o desempenho do oxigenador durante o suporte respiratório extracorpóreo / Blood flow/pump rotation ratio as an artificial lung performance monitoring tool during extracorporeal respiratory support using centrifugal pumps

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as correlações da taxa de fluxo sanguíneo e rotação da bomba com a pressão transmembrana e a transferência de CO2 e O2 durante o suporte respiratório extracorpóreo. Métodos: Cinco animais foram instrumentalizados e submetidos à oxigenação extracorpórea de membrana em um protocolo de cinco fases, as quais incluíam sepse abdominal e lesão pulmonar. Resultados: Este estudo demonstrou que as variações da taxa de fluxo sanguíneo e rotação da bomba dependem, de forma logarítmica positiva, do fluxo sanguíneo na membrana extracorpórea de oxigenação. As variações da taxa de fluxo sanguíneo e rotação da bomba têm associação negativa com a pressão transmembrana (R2 = 0,5 para o fluxo sanguíneo = 1.500mL/minuto e R2 = 0,4 para o fluxo sanguíneo = 3.500mL/minuto, ambos com p < 0,001) e associação positiva com as variações de transferência de CO2 (R2 = 0,2 para o fluxo do gás de varredura ≤ 6L/minuto, p < 0,001, e R2 = 0,1 para o fluxo de gás de varredura > 6L/minuto, p = 0,006). A taxa de fluxo sanguíneo com a rotação da bomba não se associa às variações na transferência de O2 (R2 = 0,01 para o fluxo sanguíneo = 1.500mL/minuto, p = 0,19, e R2 = -0,01 ao fluxo sanguíneo = 3.500mL/minuto, p = 0,46). Conclusão: Neste modelo em animais, a variação da taxa de fluxo sanguíneo e rotação da bomba se associa negativamente com a pressão transmembrana e positivamente com a transferência de CO2. Conforme a situação clínica, uma diminuição na taxa do fluxo sanguíneo e rotação da bomba pode, na ausência de hipoxemia, indicar uma disfunção do pulmão artificial. .

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the correlations of the blood flow/pump rotation ratio and the transmembrane pressure, CO2 and O2 transfer during the extracorporeal respiratory support. Methods: Five animals were instrumented and submitted to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a five-step protocol, including abdominal sepsis and lung injury. Results: This study showed that blood flow/pump rotations ratio variations are dependent on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood flow in a positive logarithmic fashion. Blood flow/pump rotation ratio variations are negatively associated with transmembrane pressure (R2 = 0.5 for blood flow = 1500mL/minute and R2 = 0.4 for blood flow = 3500mL/minute, both with p < 0.001) and positively associated with CO2 transfer variations (R2 = 0.2 for sweep gas flow ≤ 6L/minute, p < 0.001, and R2 = 0.1 for sweep gas flow > 6L/minute, p = 0.006), and the blood flow/pump rotation ratio is not associated with O2 transfer variations (R2 = 0.01 for blood flow = 1500mL/minute, p = 0.19, and R2 = - 0.01 for blood flow = 3500 mL/minute, p = 0.46). Conclusion: Blood flow/pump rotation ratio variation is negatively associated with transmembrane pressure and positively associated with CO2 transfer in this animal model. According to the clinical situation, a decrease in the blood flow/pump rotation ratio can indicate artificial lung dysfunction without the occurrence of hypoxemia. Objetivo: Analisar as correlações da taxa de fluxo sanguíneo e rotação da bomba com a pressão transmembrana e a transferência de CO2 e O2 durante o suporte respiratório extracorpóreo. .

Comparison of the effects of TripleGates and Gates-Glidden burs on cervical dentin thickness and root canal area by using cone beam computed tomography

The search for new instruments to promote an appropriate cervical preparation has led to the development of new rotary instruments such as TripleGates. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no study evaluating TripleGates effect on the “risk zone” of mandibular molars. Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a crown-down sequence of Gates-Glidden and TripleGates burs on the remaining cervical dentin thickness and the total amount of dentin removed from the root canals during the instrumentation by using cone beam computed tomography. The number of separated instruments was also evaluated. Material and Methods : Mesial roots of 40 mandibular first molars were divided into 2 equal groups: crown-down sequence of Gates-Glidden (#3, #2, #1) and TripleGates burs. Cervical dentin thickness and canal area were measured before and after instrumentation by using cone beam computed tomography and image analysis software. Student’s t-test was used to determine significant differences at p<0.05. Results : No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between the instruments, regarding the root canal area and dentin wall thickness. Conclusion : Both tested instruments used for cervical preparation were safe to be used in the mesial root canal of mandibular molars. .

Atuação da fisioterapia às vítimas da boate kiss: a experiência de um Hospital de Pronto-Socorro / Physical therapy treatment for the victims of nightclub kiss: the experience of an Emergency Hospital

Introdução: Este artigo trata-se de um relato do trabalho desenvolvido pela equipe de fisioterapeutas de um hospital de pronto-socorro aos pacientes vítimas de queimaduras decorrente da tragédia na Boate Kiss. Objetivo: Descrever as práticas de assistências fisioterapêuticas prestadas, de forma a permitir compartilhar experiências realizadas com esse perfil de paciente em nível hospitalar. Método: Por meio de discussões durante as reuniões da equipe de fisioterapia, foram coletados dados a respeito das atuações na assistência às vítimas da Boate Kiss que foram internadas no hospital. Resultados: Descrevemos, nesse trabalho, as principais atividades assistenciais da fisioterapia, de forma que tecemos, entre outras considerações, a necessidade de atuação o mais precoce possível como uma estratégia de evitar complicações tardias. Conclusão: Consideramos, também, que a reabilitação de uma lesão por queimadura é um processo longo e que não termina com a alta hospitalar.

Introduction: This article it is about a report by work done by the team of physiotherapists in a emergency hospital to the burn victims due to the tragedy in Nightclub Kiss. Objective: The objective was to describe the practice of physical therapy, in order to allow to share experiences with this profile of patients at the hospital level. Methods: Through discussions during the meetings of the physiotherapy team, data about the actuations in assisting victims of Nightclub Kiss who were hospitalized in the hospital were collected. Results: We hereby describe in this paper the main assistance activities of physiotherapy so that present work we make among other considerations, the need for action as early as possible as a strategy to prevent late complications. Conclusion: We also consider that the rehabilitation of a burn injury is a long process that does not end with discharge.

Severe hypoxemia during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: exploring the limits of extracorporeal respiratory support

OBJECTIVE: Veno-venous extracorporeal oxygenation for respiratory support has emerged as a rescue alternative for patients with hypoxemia. However, in some patients with more severe lung injury, extracorporeal support fails to restore arterial oxygenation. Based on four clinical vignettes, the aims of this article were to describe the pathophysiology of this concerning problem and to discuss possibilities for hypoxemia resolution. METHODS: Considering the main reasons and rationale for hypoxemia during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, some possible bedside solutions must be considered: 1) optimization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood flow; 2) identification of recirculation and cannula repositioning if necessary; 3) optimization of residual lung function and consideration of blood transfusion; 4) diagnosis of oxygenator dysfunction and consideration of its replacement; and finally 5) optimization of the ratio of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood flow to cardiac output, based on the reduction of cardiac output. CONCLUSION: Therefore, based on the pathophysiology of hypoxemia during veno-venous extracorporeal oxygenation support, we propose a stepwise approach to help guide specific interventions. .